Ravana and Lucifer - The Indian Connection

What is it about world literature that seems toRavana (He of the Terrifying Roar) was given to him
evoke the same feelings of sublimate, history and aby Lord Shiva. Similarly, Lucifer who is considered (as
sense of timeless appeal? In their intricacy, plotper Christian literature and legends) as having been an
movements and connection with the ancientarchangel with powers in heaven is thrown out of
scriptures, all world literature, transcends to greatheaven when he rebels against God. Milton presented
literature not only in their time but for timeLucifer as a rebel, though a very interesting one.
immemorial. Interestingly, it is the characters in suchWhen Lucifer mouths, "All is not lost; the'
masterpieces which remain etched in the minds ofunconquerable Will, / and study of revenge, immortal
the readers especially because they are usually ahate, / and courage never to submit or yield... " he is
beautiful confluence of the simple, complex and eventerrific in his indomitable courage as he is supreme in
intricate. Every culture, religion and civilization has itsconfidence. It is perhaps this beauty of the
own nuances which are often reflected in thecharacters that lend a splendid visage to what has
literature of the times. Some of course reflectemerged as two massive and intriguing characters in
thoughts and emotions that stand true forworld literature.
generations to come and are often identified underLegend has it that Ravana along with his brother,
the precarious proclamation of classics that remain aKumbakarna were actually reincarnations of Jaya and
part of our history gloriously embedded into ourVijaya, who had served as gatekeepers at the
present. All this and so much more, to say thatabode of Vishnu. But being cursed they were born in
literature around the world is often found comparableEarth, as enemies to the lord. (which would in turn
and indeed similar too in ways more than one.shorten their chakra of 7 rebirths)
Any one who is familiar with Hindu mythology andThough Ravana is mostly the face of evil and a
related literature will maintain that the 'Ramayana', therepresentation of the triumph of good over evil, he is
tale of Rama is unlike the Mahabharata ( anothernot left with that. As is the hall mark of all great
Hindu literary piece) probably less a tale of intricaciesliterature, the character is developed and reaches its
and more a piece on Hindu mythology and its variouszenith to present an intriguing tale of a person who
facets. Ramayana in fact documents the beliefs andthough eveil is blessed with the best qualities a man
traditions propagated by the Hindu sages of yore andcan have! A philosopher and a pundit, Ravana was
present them in an allegorical form woven into theguided by of his father, to acquire the vast
delicacy of the narrative. The interpretation of theknowledge of the scriptures. Interestingly, Ravana
philosophical and the devotional characters of Rama,has also been accredited with creating the first
Lakshman, Bharat, Sita, Hanuman not withstanding itgrammar of Sanskrit language as well as compiling
is the character of and Ravana, who is incidentallyand editing the Krishnayajurved! His scholarly virtues,
the villain of the piece which is often a contradictionexpert as a Veena player, and stories of how he
in itself. Delicately handled and oh so well executedpresided as the chief purohit of the Puja for Ram to
the character of Ravana with his ten heads andstart a battle which eventually killed him are the stuff
roaring laugh mesmerizes as it fascinates andof legends today.
somewhere down the line he resonates anotherStrangely and in a similar vein, Milton presents Lucifer
great character from literature too!with utmost sympathy, perhaps unknowingly, as
As in Indian Hindu literature, English literature ( asstated in 'The Marriage of Heaven and Hell' by Blake
different from Indian English writings) have a bevy ofwho says that Milton was 'of the Devil's party
such beauties steeped in Christian Mythology. Startingwithout knowing it." However Milton's Lucifer though
at the beginning with 'Beowulf', Milton and his 'Paradiseruler of hell is not only intelligent and ruthless but
Lost' are works that immediately come to the mind.utterly charming too! Almost as evidence of this
The above mentioned names are of course as iswhen Lucifer at a later stage enters the Garden of
easily identified mentioned in the special context againEden, he is successful in tempting Eve, to eat fruit
of a certain special character so very identifiable withfrom the forbidden tree. And of course like Ravana,
Ravana from Hindu mythology. Yes you guessed ithe is enfant terrible, the master of all he surveys (in
right we are talking about Lucifer and Ravana! I havethis case hell) and the King of the Earth with 90
always wondered how similar the two are.. thoughlegions under his command.
the twain never meet and all that.. In theirMuch in the traces of the Shakespearian hero who
presentation of course both characters largely differ.lands from his mighty position with that oh one flaw!
Yet one cannot but notice the inherent beauty thatmay be Lucifer and Ravana did too yet in their own
both possess.magnificent ways they soar and how. It is perhaps in
While Ravana is the angry, rebellious, out to out dothis uncharacteristic humaneness of the demons and
everyone (himself included demon with ten hands, hethe love for all things grey, as opposed to black and
is the ardent Shiv Bhakt too. A man of tremendouswhite that makes literature so fascinating a medium,
virtues, part Brahmin- part Kshatriya, Ravana is hugetraces of which can be found in many such parallels
simply with his potential as a character. The namedrawn across the world and yet to be done!