Indian heritage & Culture

IntroductionJainism, with the freedom for citizens to practice any
India is a diverse country, a fact that is visiblyreligion they want to. The Constitution of India has
prominent in its people, culture and climate. From therecognized 22 different languages, out of which, Hindi
eternal snows of the Himalayas to the cultivatedis the official language and is spoken in most of the
peninsula of far South, from the deserts of the Westurban cities of India. Other than these 22 languages,
to the humid deltas of the East, from the dry heatthere are hundreds of dialects that add to the
and cold of the Central Plateau to the cool forestmultilingual nature of the country.
foothills, Indian lifestyles clearly glorify its geography.India is a land of festivals and fairs. Virtually
There was a time when India was known as the landcelebrating each day of the year, there are more
of snake charmers. Then people started identifying itfestivals celebrated in India than anywhere else in the
as the land having the majestic Taj, the ferociousworld. Each festival pertains to different occasions,
Tiger and the great desert of Thar. But with eachsome welcome the seasons of the year, the
turn that the wheel of time took, Indians haveharvest, the rains, or the full moon. Others celebrate
proved to be a lot more. From time immemorial, Indiareligious occasions, the birthdays of divine beings and
has been seen as a mystery land. A land full ofsaints, or the advent of the New Year. A number of
paradoxes, it causes travelers to marvel and also tothese festivals are common to most parts of India.
despair during their journey through India. Like anHowever, they may be called by different names in
enigmatic lady, India has always attracted thevarious parts of the country or may be celebrated in
attention of the world for various reasons.a different fashion. Some of the festivals celebrated
The famous traveler and writer, Mark Twain, wroteall over India are mentioned below.
after his sojourn through India in 1896: "So far as I· Janmashtami
am able to judge nothing has been left undone, either· Holi
by man or nature, to make India the most· Dassehera
extraordinary country that the sun visits on his round.· Christmas
Nothing seems to have been forgotten, nothing· Rakshabandhan
overlooked. Always, when you think you have come· Deepawali
to the end of her tremendous specialties and have· Id-ul-Zuha
finished hanging tags upon her as the Land of Giant· Ramnavami
Illusions, the Land of Stupendous Mountains and so· Guru Nanak Jayanti
forth, another specialty crops up or another tag isScience
required." It was best, he decided, to discard theThe global image of India is that of an upcoming and
labels and call it simply the Land of Wonders.progressive nation. True, India has leaped many
Heritage & Cultureboundaries in all sectors- commerce, technology and
The Indian culture varies like its vast geography.development etc., in the recent past, yet she has not
People speak in different languages, dress differently,neglected her creative genius. Wondering what it is?
follow different religions, eat different food but areWell, it the alternative science that has been
of the same temperament. So whether it is a joyouscontinuously practiced in India since times immemorial.
occasion or a moment of grief, people participateAyurveda is a distinct form of medicine made purely
whole-heartedly, sharing the happiness or pain. Aof herbs and natural weeds, which can cure any
festival or a celebration is never constrained to aailment of the world. Ayurveda has also been
family or a home. The whole community ormentioned in the Ancient Indian epics like the
neighborhood is involved in bringing liveliness to anRamayana. Even today, when the western concept
occasion. Likewise, an Indian wedding is a celebrationof medicine has reached its zenith, there are people
of union, not only of the bride and groom, but also oflooking for alternative methods of treatment for its
two families, maybe cultures or religion too! Similarly,multifarious qualities.
in times of sorrow, neighbors and friends play anWith increasing complexities in one's life these days,
important part in easing out the grief.people are perpetually looking for a medium through
Over the ages, India has experienced hundreds ofwhich they get some peace of mind. This is where
years of foreign invasions and influence, yet it stillanother science, that of meditation and spirituality
manages to absorb and change everything the worldcomes into the scene. Meditation and Yoga are
cares to impose on it, remaining at its coresynonymous with India and Indian spirituality.
untouched. If anything, it has developed into aMeditation is one of the most important components
multi-linguistic, home for masses of many religions.of Yoga, which is a mind-body therapy involving a
Although India has modernized to a great extent, oldseries of exercises. The word 'meditation' covers
traditions and ancient cultural rhythms continue tomany disparate practices from visualizing situations,
have a strong hold over the functioning of the nation.focusing on objects or images, thinking through a
Since ancient times, the spiritual land of India hascomplex idea, or even getting lost in a provocative
displayed varied hues of culture, religion, race,book, all qualifying as meditation in the broad sense.
language, and so on. This variety in race, culture,However in Yoga, meditation generally refers to the
religion, etc., accounts for the existence of differentmore formal practice of focusing the mind and
ethnic groups who, although, live within the sanctumsobserving oneself in the moment. Many people from
of one single nation, and profess different socialIndia and abroad are resorting to yoga and
habits and characteristics. Regional territories in Indiameditation to de-stress and rejuvenate their mind.
play an important role in differentiating these ethnicAnother widely followed phenomena in India is the
groups, with their own social and cultural identities.Doctrine of Karma, that preaches that every person
The religions that are prevalent in the country areshould behave justly as every act or deed comes
Hinduism, Christianity, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, andback in a full circle in one of the births of an individual.