The Quest for Self-Determination: Reminiscences of Two Minority Women, Part Two

By far the most severe oppression that the womentheir cattle on reservation land for a mere pittance,
faced comes from the dominant culture. Thisby using [Indians] as colorful props to attract the
oppression is shown in numerous ways, such asEastern tourists" (Crow Dog 81). Mary discovered
degradation, exploitation, and murder. As a result, thethat her people were being cheated by the
women have an understandable fear and hatred ofreservation trading post when she was in New York.
white people. Maya describes an errand into theAccording to Mary, "everything was so much cheaper
white section of town like this: "We were explorersthan on the reservation where the trading posts
walking without weapons into man-eating animals'have no competition and charge what they please"
territory" (Angelou 25). Likewise, because of Mary's(Crow Dog 112).African Americans suffer from this
beatings by Catholic nuns at the Indian Boardingexploitation also. Since they were segregated, African
School, she "hated and mistrusted every whiteAmericans were only allowed to attend certain
person on sight, because [she] met only one kind"schools and colleges. These colleges trained "Negro
(Crow Dog 34).One example of whites' degradationyouth to be carpenters, farmers, handymen, masons,
of minority peoples is the changing of their names.maids, cooks, and baby nurses" (Angelou 170). They
Native American peoples were forced to adoptwere not given the opportunity to become "Galileos
Christian first names. Mary writes that her husband'sand Madame Curies and Edisons and Gaugins"
family name should have been Crow Coyote, but due(Angelou 179). As with the Indians, whites cheated
to a white interpreter's misunderstanding, they endedthe black cotton pickers out of their earned wages.
up with the name Crow Dog (Crow Dog 10). MayaMaya reported that "no matter how much they had
also had her name changed by her white employer.picked, it wasn't enough" to pay the "staggering bill
Her given name is Marguerite, but the white womanthat waited on them at the white commissary
called her Margaret. Then a friend of the whitedowntown" (Angelou 8).The most severe oppression
woman told her the name Margaret was too longsuffered by minorities is the physical violence and
and she would "call her Mary if I was you" (Angelouunjustified murder committed by white people. Maya
107). Maya said that "every person she knew had adescribes a gruesome scene in which she and her
hellish horror of being 'called out of his name'" andbrother learn about the murder of a black man:And
that "it was a dangerous practice to call a Negroonce, we found out about a man who had been killed
anything that could be loosely construed as insultingby whitefolks and thrown into the pond. Bailey said
because of the centuries of their having been calledthe man's things had been cut off and put in his
niggers, jigs, dinges, blackbirds, crows, boots, andpocket and he had been shot in the head, all because
spooks" (Angelou 109).Another element of oppressionthe whitefolks said he did 'it' to a white woman
by whites is how minority peoples are exploited for(Angelou 37).Mary also recounts numerous times
their labor and cheated out of what is owed to them.Indians were murdered by white men. The following
Native and African Americans were relegated to theaccount is particularly inhuman:Not long before that a
lowest and worst paying jobs by whites. MarySioux, Raymond Yellow Thunder, a humble,
claimed that all the whites living near the reservationhard-working man, had been stripped naked and
"made their living in some way by exploiting [theforced at gunpoint to dance in an American Legion
Indians], by using Indians as cheap labor, by runningHall at Gordon, Nebraska.